Cardiovascular clusters in septic shock combining clinical and echocardiographic parameters: a post hoc analysis

The clustering approach combining echocardiographicparameters (LVEF, LVFAC, aortic VTI, RV/LV EDA, ∆SVC, mitral E wave velocity, and E′ wave velocity) and clinical parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, type and dose of catecholamine) allowed us to characterize fve distinct cardiovascular phenotypes, the hemodynamic profles of which correspond to “well-resuscitated” patients (16.9%, cluster 1), patients with LV systolic dysfunction (17.7%, cluster 2), hyperkinetic profle (23.3%, cluster 3), RV failure (22.5%, cluster 4), and sustained hypovolemia (19.4%, cluster 5). Tis approach in clustering without any a priori criteria was able to distinguish diferent phenotypes between all the expected alterations of the macrocirculation.